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  • Crossroads
    • Sites
      • Egypt
        • Drawings of sites and views from the "Description of Egypt"
        • Alexandria
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          • Maps and plans of Alexandria
        • Egypt
          • Le Caire dans l'Album universel. 19..
        • Egypt
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          • The fire insurance maps of Istanbul
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      • "Expositions universelles"
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      • Currents
      • The Dead Sea Scrolls. Qumrān
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      • Ernest Renan and the Origins of Christianity
        • History of the origins of Christianity
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      • Eastern churches
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      • Missions
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      • Œuvre des Écoles d'Orient
      • Protectorates and Christians in the Orient
        • Quarrels over holy places and intervention in Syria
        • Religious protectorate of France
      • Foundations texts
      • Objects and works in the exhibition "Oriental Christians: 2,000 Years of History"
    • Islam
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      • Ismaelians
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      • Schools of jurisdiction
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    • Bábism and Bahá'í Faith
    • Holy Places
      • In the traces of the Bible
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        • Maps and plans of Jerusalem
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  • Communities
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    • People and traditions
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  • Knowledge
    • Oriental studies
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        • Schools
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      • Libraries
        • Libraries and collections
        • Orientalist libraries
      • Language studies
        • The general history and comparative system of the Semitic languages
        • Arabic language studies
        • Comparative philology
        • Hebrew language studies
        • Turkish langage studies
      • Olds writings deciphering
        • Aramaic and Nabataeans alphabet
        • Cuneiform script
        • Egyptian hieroglyphs
        • Phoenician alphabet
    • The Description of Egypt
      • The Description of Egypt
    • Missions
      • Phoenician Expedition by Ernest de Renan
      • Discover more
    • Archaeology
      • Archaeology
      • Egypt
        • Antiquities departments
        • Egyptologists' travels and notes
        • From Abydos to Bawit
        • From Deir-el-Bahari to Eddu
        • From Karnak to Memphis
        • From Philae to Thebes
        • Museums and collections
        • Egypt
        • Deir el-Bahari
        • Publications fouilles de Saqqara
      • Iraq
        • Iraq
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      • Latakia's treasure
      • Lebanon
        • Lebanon
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        • Palestine
      • Palmyra
        • Palmyra
      • Syria
        • Syria
      • Turkey
        • Ani / Ararat
        • Ephesus
        • Halicarnassus
        • Pergamon
        • Troy
      • Archaeology – full introduction
    • Sciences and techniques
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      • Chemistry and alchemy
      • Geography
      • Hippology
      • Mathematics and astronomy
      • Medicine
      • Natural sciences
    • Interconnecting histories
      • Ancient and medieval orient
      • Arab historians
      • At the dawn of modernity
      • Historians of the crusades
      • Printers of Orient
        • Printers of Orient
    • Press
      • Images (magazine)
      • L'Égyptienne
      • Francophone press in the Ottoman Empire
        • Presse ottomane francophone
      • The francophone press of Egypt
      • Kurdish periodicals
      • Press
  • Politics
    • L’Empire ottoman pendant le « long » XIXeme siècle
      • French campaign in Egypt
        • French campaign in Egypt
        • Intersecting perspectives
        • Military operations and proclamations
        • Players and witnesses
      • Egyptian–Ottoman War
      • European interventions
      • The First World War and mandates
      • Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence
        • Franco-Syrian treaty of independance
        • Treaties and borders
      • Reforms
        • Law
        • Administrative, economic and social reorganisation
      • Political personalities
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    • Ottoman Empire
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      • Armenia
      • Egypt
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      • Palestine / Israel
        • Palestinian
        • Zionism
          • Zionism
      • Syria
      • Turkey
  • Imaginary
    • Oriental literatures
      • The Thousand and One Nights
        • Adaptations
        • The Thousand and One Nights
        • Translations by Antoine Galland
      • Dīwān
      • Sirat Baybars
        • Manuscripts in the Arabic collection of the BnF
        • Manuscripts photographed by G. Bohas and F. Guinle
    • Writers
      • Alexandre Dumas
      • Alphonse de Lamartine
        • Works of Alphonse de Lamartine
      • Anatole France
        • Works of Anatole France
      • François-René de Chateaubriand
      • Gustave Flaubert
        • Works of Flaubert
          • Salammbô
          • The Temptation of Saint Anthony
      • Gérard de Nerval
        • Works of Gerard de Nerval
      • Honore de Balzac
        • Works of Honore de Balzac
      • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
      • Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau
      • Maurice Barrès
      • Pierre Loti
        • Works of Pierre Loti
      • Princess Cristina Trivulzio de Belgiojoso
      • Théophile Gautier
        • Works of Theophile Gautier
      • Victor Hugo
      • Voltaire
        • Works of Voltaire
      • writers
    • Musicians
      • Felicien David
      • Friedrich Bürgmüller
      • Gioachino Rossini
      • Giuseppe Verdi
      • Hector Cremieux
      • Jules Massenet
      • The musicians' Orient
    • Photographers
      • Albert Goupil
      • Beniamino Facchinelli
      • Bisson and Welling
      • Charles Theodule Deveria
      • Collection Albert Gilles
      • Felix Bonfils
      • Francis Frith
      • Gustave Le Gray
      • Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey
      • Louis Vignes
      • Maxime du Camp
    • The monumental Orient
      • Arthur-Ali Rhone
      • Emile Bechard
      • Hammam
        • Turkish bath
      • The Volkoff Album
    • Oriental patterns
  • Personalities
    • Index
    • E. Amelineau
    • J.-L. Asselin de Cherville
    • J. Dieulafoy
    • A. Jaussen
    • J. E. Renan
    • Seymour de Ricci
    • Agence Rol
    • Jean-François Champollion
    • Roland de Vaux (1903-1971)
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