The meaning of the Indian term kathā or 'story', used in numerous Indian languages, is in actual fact very diverse and all-encompassing. The narrative, in its many different incarnations, is recognised as being a fundamental element of teaching in all Indian traditions, whether religious or secular, and is expressed through all of South Asia's languages, from Sanskrit to modern languages, whether these be Indo-Aryan, Dravidian or Munda.

The Mahâbhârata and the Râmâyana, two examples of the great Indian and South Asian epics, are founding texts of Indian literature and culture. They are renowned for their rich narrative, moral teachings and philosophical depth. These epics were first passed down through oral tradition for centuries before being transcribed into written form, and they also inspired an infinite number of adaptations, interpretations and translations in various cultures and languages. French travelers, administrators, missionaries and scholars in India were among those who sought out and collected Indian epic manuscripts. Guided by its obsession with overcoming British competition, France also translated Indian epics into French. One example is Abbé Parraud's 1787 retranslation of Charles Wilkins' English translation of the Baghavad-Gita.

Indian classical poetry, particularly in languages like Sanskrit, Tamil, and Telugu, has a rich tradition dating back thousands of years. These poetic works encompass a wide range of themes, styles, and forms, showcasing the literary excellence of ancient Indian civilizations. French translations of Indian classical poetry would have served to introduce French audiences to the beauty and complexity of these poetic traditions. These translations may have included works such as the Sanskrit epics, the Tamil Sangam poetry, the Telugu Prabandhas, and other classical texts.