Stein, a Hungarian-born British archaeologist renowned for his discovery at the Mogao Caves, near Dunhuang in 1907. He graduated in Sanskrit and Persian and later encountered the Indologist and philologist Rudolf Hoernle in Vienna during an Orientalist conference in 1886, where he learned of an ancient mathematical manuscript found in Bakhshali (Peshawar). In 1887, Stein travelled to India and assumed the role of Registrar at the University of the Punjab. Subsequently, from 1888 to 1899, he served as the Principal of Oriental College, Lahore. During his tenure, Stein oversaw the establishment of the Raghunath Temple Sanskrit Manuscript Library in Jammu, housing a collection of 5000 rare manuscripts.