During the reign of Jahangir, the fourth Mughal emperor of India (r. 1605–1627), the French explorer Jean-Baptiste Tavernier visited Jahangir's court in Agra in 1615, where he presented the emperor with gifts and established trade relations with the Mughal Empire. Tavernier's visit marked one of the earliest recorded encounters between the Mughal Empire and the French. While it was primarily focused on trade and diplomacy, it also served to establish a foundation for future interactions between the two powers. Later in in 1620, the French physician and traveler François Bernier arrived in India. Although Bernier's primary purpose was not diplomatic or commercial, his accounts of Mughal India provided valuable insights into the society, culture, and administration of the empire during Jahangir's reign.